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Family trust

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Family trust

A family trust is a legal agreement that places assets (often company shares) in the hands of trusted individuals, the trustees, who are responsible for managing them for the benefit of the family, the beneficiaries. The person who creates it is the settlor. It serves to prepare for succession and protect the family's assets.

Brief

  • Three roles: the settlor (who creates it), the trustees (who manage it) and the beneficiaries (often the family, who benefit from it)
  • Often coupled with a freeze on inheritance (freezing the current value of the company) to capture future growth
  • The 21-year rule: every 21 years, the trust is deemed to have sold its assets, which may create a tax liability.
  • She files her own income tax return each year (T3 forms federally and TP-646 in Quebec)
  • Depuis l'année d'imposition 2023, les règles de déclaration élargies obligent la plupart des fiducies à produire une T3 chaque année, même sans revenu, avec l'annexe qui identifie les bénéficiaires

Why does this matter?

Voyez la fiducie comme un coffre familial géré par des personnes de confiance : l'entreprise y dépose sa croissance future, et on décide plus tard, avec souplesse, quel membre de la famille en profitera. Pour un entrepreneur québécois, c'est surtout un outil de relève et de protection : elle peut recueillir la croissance après un gel successoral, garder de la flexibilité sur qui reçoit quoi, et parfois ouvrir l'exonération des gains en capital (l'économie d'impôt à la vente) à plusieurs membres de la famille : en répartissant une vente entre trois bénéficiaires, on peut viser jusqu'à environ 3,75 millions $ de gain à l'abri, soit trois fois le plafond de 1,25 million $. Le partage des revenus courants reste toutefois encadré par le TOSI. Mais elle vient avec de vraies obligations : une déclaration annuelle T3 au fédéral (voir le guide T4013 de l'ARC) et TP-646 au Québec, des règles fiscales à respecter et l'échéance des 21 ans à planifier. Mal administrée, elle perd ses avantages. On reste à vos côtés : Bankeo vous présente gratuitement un comptable ou CPA (comptable professionnel agréé) vérifié pour voir si elle vaut le coup dans votre cas.

Frequently asked questions

What exactly is a family trust?

This is a legal agreement in which a person, the settlor, entrusts assets (often company shares) to trustees who manage them for the family, the beneficiaries. In business, it is primarily used to hold growth shares after an estate freeze: the trustees retain control and choose who receives the remaining shares. It can also protect certain assets and facilitate the sale of the company.

What is the 21-year rule?

Every 21 years, the law gives the impression that the trust sells its assets at their current value, which can trigger a significant tax burden all at once, even without an actual sale. Therefore, planning is essential before this deadline, often involving the transfer of assets to the beneficiaries. This is a date to mark on the calendar as soon as the trust is established.

Is a family trust profitable for me?

It has setup costs and annual maintenance, so it's only justified when the stakes are high: a growing business, succession planning, or an impending sale. A professional will assess whether it's worth the investment. We're here to support you: Bankeo will connect you with a verified accountant or CPA free of charge to analyze your situation.

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